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The North Eastern Railway was created during the reorganisation of the Indian Railways system in 1952 by amalgamating the Assam Railway and Avadh-Tirhut Railway. To better serve the needs of the northeastern states, the Northeast Frontier Railway, NFR, was carved out of the North Eastern Railway in 1958. Head quartered in Maligaon, Guwahati, the city in the state of Assam it is responsible for rail operations in the entire Northeast and parts of West Bengal and Bihar. It is divided into 5 divisions:

Tinsukia

Lumding

Rangiya

Alipurdaur

Katihar

The area of Northeast Frontier Railways operations is characterised by exceptional beauty and at the same time by some of the most arduous terrain. This difficult terrain limits the rail network expansion, and the only state with a decent rail network is Assam. The network is not broad gauge in many parts and the rail lines are antiquated with speeds at some sections being limited to a maximum of 30 km/h. Before the Saraighat bridge was constructed, you had to get down on the Amingaon side of the Brahmaputra and take a ferry across to Pandu Junction from where you could resume your journey.